Saudi Arabia water problem Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Saudi-Arabian Arabia body of water problem - Term Paper fontAccording to Bragg and Bragg (2005), the oceans contain about 97% of the stainless water on the earths surface in Saudi Arabia, water has been supplied in three forms, mainly surface water, which accounts for about 10%, the underground aquifers that provide the majority percentage of more than 80%, and the various desalination plants, which provide about 5% of water. The availability of inherent water supply continued to deplete and the water resources become limited, prompting the adoption of desalination plants. indwelling resources define all the resources that occur freely within the environment that exist in a cancel form, much(prenominal) as natural forests, minerals, water, and natural gases. 1. Background Desalination refers to the several actiones of conversion of salt water to fresh water through the removal of salt and other minerals. Several approaches are used to accost saltwater including thermal evap oration of seawater and use of modern desalination plants, osmosis in reverse. Nanomembranes are filters do from organic polymers with less thickness that are used to separate the liquids and gases at the molecular levels. Such applied science is also used in desalination of seawater, purification of polluted water, and the removal of carbon dioxide and other pollutants from erase gases. The modern technology adopted in Saudi Arabia has enabled the exploitation of underground water by companies such as Saudi Aramco, an oil company, and hence increasing availability of water in the country. 2. Desalination process In Saudi Arabia, there has been water scarcity because of the rising population, which led to the adoption of desalination technology through the development of modern polymer materials producing semi-permeable membranes, which al small(a) selective passage of water and other ions. The technology is categorize according to content extracted (water or salt from the main stream), separation process, and the energy used in the entire process (Anon, 1997). Evaporative processes have been used for extraction of fresh water from the mainstream. Such evaporative desalination processes consist of various methods. Multi stage flash (MSF) method involves the evaporation of seawater in chambers with low pressure as compared to the vapor pressure. The low-grade steam from the turbines heats the tubes within the distiller, which heat the seawater intake. The heated seawater then passes into low-pressure vessels, and boils into steam. The steam is condensed on heat exchanger tubes, which are cooled by the incoming water, fodder to the heater. The conversion of seawater to steam depends on the pressure maintained within the vessel. In multiple feeling distillation (MED), condensing steam heats tube bundles, resulting into evaporation. The vapor produced is used as steam in the future(a) chamber operating at low pressure and temperature (Micale, Cipollina and Rizzuti, 2009). B. Nano membrane technology