Mcq’s

PMS CSS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE MCQS 1- what plants exhale at night Carbon dioxide 2- velocity of dense M/s3433- 3- Which vitamins not stored in human bole? C 4- lake of vitamin c create which disease Skin disease 5-which vitamin helps blood clotting? K 6-Fo infra of Islamic rule in India? Qutubuddin Abek 7-Razia Sultana belongs to? Slave dynasty 8-Second battle of pani pat fought b/w correct natural selection was not state my answer was none of these(akbar vs himu bakal) 9- storm fort was constructed By Akbar 10- Marcher lake situated in? Dadu 11- Pakistan number among conceptionpopulation? sixth 12- sh atomic number 18 of Punjab among ara of Pakistan 5% 13- Length of Khyber pass 53km 14- uracil resources found in Pakistan? D G khan 15- roughlyly part of gobi desert found in ? Magnolia 16- Taklimakan desert found Inxinjaning china 17- Longest river of the world is? Nile 18- Largest sea of the world? South China Sea 19-Largest coastal boundary country? Canada 20- Brazil situated in? South America 21-Which country is peninsula? Saudi-Arabian Arabia 22- Pakistan situates on which line? 1- equator 2- discountcer 3- inecapricorn 4-none 2- correet answer is option 4 23- McMahan line is situated b/w? India and china 24- Who is david patrias? american familiar in Afghanistan 5- 1 meter is affect to? 3. 28 foot 26- Caspian sea makes his boundaries with Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan. 27- Largest agency among argona in Pakistan? South Waziristan 28- Old name of Iraq? Mesopotamia 29-Blood is red due to? haemoglobin 30-Marian trance situated near? Philippines 31- Headquarter of ghandhara civilization is? Texila 32- Head quarter of SAARC is situated at? Katmandu 33- Maximum wool producing country is? Australia 34- Official religion of japan is? Shintoism 35- Which element riding habit for producing nuclear fuel? Uranium 36- How many an(prenominal) rooku in 30 Para of Quran? 9 37-which is less conductor? 1- iron, 2-copper 3- silver 4- forest My answer was wood only when not satisfied 38-nigara fall lies b/w the States and Canada 39- Which is smallest country of world among area 1- Maldives 2- Malta 3- San Marino 4- Bahrain Correct answer is option 3 San Marino 40- set apart oracle PBUH ap pictureed governor of Yemen for collection zakat? Hazrat Muaz bin Jabal 41- How many beats zakatmention in Quran? 32 times 42-which Sura gives details among zakat receiver? Sura Tuba 43-where1st wahii nazall hoe? Ghar-e-hira 44- When zakat declared must 2 hijra 45-Light of sun reach in earth 8. 5 mint While early(a) options was 3mint 4mint 6. 5 mint) 46- Headquarter of ILO situated in? Geneva 47- Muslim league name was purposed by? Nawab Saleem Ullah Khan of Dhaka 48- Jaundice is disturb of which partof body Liver 49- Quaid Azam leaves congress due ton on- cooperative moment by Gandhi 50-in hepatitis which organ disturb? Liver 51- Nisab in the amount of notes? 87. 48 g-force (But in paper there was not dotpresent b/w 87 and48) 52- Nisab in silver is? 612. 32 gram 53-produce which is equal to nisab? 948kg stubble or equal 54-if a person having millat1800kg whose prize is half among wheat who many rupees he pay zakat zero 5-who was Father of the French Revolution? Jean-Jacques Rousseau 56-statue of independence in new york is given by France 57- Wall street is a famous? Stock market in New York 58- Sunlight consists of coolers? a-1 b- 3 c-7 (Not swear waiting for reply) 59-theory of relativity is presented by? Einstein 60- Cash crop is? Which not cultivated for own use 61-artificial cultivated area gives amount usher equalto 1/20 62- If a person obtained something from underground the amount of zakat applicable? 1/5 63-zakat among goat applicable on? 40 goats 64- Amount of zakat among gold silverand similar things . 5 % 65- A government company obtained 1 billion net profit tellwho much rupees its gives asa zakat cipher 66-zakat ordinance promulgated on 20 June 1980 67- accord to section17 tauluqa commi ttee is equal to tehsil committee 68- dasman palace is residence ofameer kwait 69-procelain tower is present inchina 70- which muslim organization founded in 1962 71- crtography is the theater of operations of secret writing 72-founder of souct momemtRobert Baden-Powell 73- elysee palace is theresidence offrench president 74- second giantst population in afghanistan? tajik 75-world wide of the mark spread disease is called? epidemic 6- zakat year start on according to hijra clender 77- zakat year end ? 30 shaban 78- governer appointe chief administer with the consult with supplyeral government 79- administerator general appointed bypresident 80- The magnitude of earthquake is measured with? Richter Scale 81- Who forwarded the Lahore(Pakistan) Resolution? A. K fazlul haq 82- East India Company came to India in the reign of A)Shah Jahan B) Jahangir C) Aurangzeb D) Babar 83- The largest Muslim country according to area is? kazakistan 84- Zakat can be spent onA)Travelers B) Slaves C) Masakin D)All of these 85- Zakat is exempted onA)Sheep grazing fed free in pastures B) FruitsC) Vegetables D) All ofthem 86- Who was known as the Man of Destiny? nepolin bona part 87- A occludes Peak is in? sri lanka 88- According to the Zakat Ordinance Zakat arrears are collected by? tehsildar 89- Red Cross/Crescent HQ is in? geneva 90-Brain Draintransfer of Skilled labors 91light year complete direction in1 year 92 participant of antham isAhmed gulami chagla 93- first ushr receive ? 1982-83 rabi crop 94-DZ committe disolved ifmember remain not pious 95- if a person failedto pay zakat what act can do? send a notice. 1) Which of the avocation rivers crosses the equator twice? ) Congo 2) Which is the longest river of America? b) Mississippi 3) Don is river of ? b) Russia 4) What is the continuanceof khyber pass? c) 56 km 5) Longest glacier of the world isLambert situated in Antarctica, what is itslength? a) 320 Miles 6) Which of the following lake is most polluted lake in the world ? d) Lake eire 7) Tugela urine fall is present in? b) South Africa 8) Gota epithelial duct is the ship canal situated in ? c) Sweden 9) Kiel canal of Germany was opened in1895 what is its length? c) 61. 3 miles 10) Erie canal is situated in ? c) USA 11) Houston and Delware canals are present in the country? b) France 2) Grand canal is oldest man made canal for shipingpurpose situated in? b) China 13) Persian Gulf is located in? b) Arabian ocean 14) Sutherland waterfall is present in? a) New-Zealand 15) Hudson Bay is situated in? c) Northern Canada 16) Which is the largest gulf of the world? a) Gulf of Mexico 17) Which is the largest bay of the world? a) Hudson bay 18) Yosemite is a famous waterfall of ? a) USA 19) Strait of Bosporous connects? c) B want sea and sea ofmarmara 20) It separates Italy from Sicily? c) Messina 21) Strait of malacca separates? b) Malaysia and indonesia 22) Which of the following straits separate india From Sri Lanka? ) Palk 23) Which of the following stra its separate Malaysia from Singapore? b) Johor 24) Budapest is the uppercase ofHungary situated on the bank of? c) River Danube 25) Sea of Marmara and Aegean sea are connected by the strait? c) Dardanelles 26) Cook strait separates south New-Zealand from? b) North New-Zealand 27) genus Paris is the capital of France situated on the bank of? a) Seine 28) English channel separates England from? b) France 29) Agra is very famous city of India due to Taj Mahal, it is situated on thebank of river? c) Jumna 30) Great capital of Seychelles desert is present in? c) Australia Yome -Afra is called to Hajj day. Name of the placewhere the pilgrims go from Arafat Muzdalfa. First structure of Kaaba was built byA dekameter. Ibrahim & Ismail rebuilt Kaaba 4500 historic period ago. Yum -e-Nahar is called to the Day of Sacrifice. Yum e Arafat is 9th Zul Hajj. matchless khutba is recited during Hajj. Al -Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded. Holy prophet sacrificed 63 camels during hajj. Adam and Hazrat Hawa performedthe first ever Hajj. Running b/w Safa & Marwa s purge t imes is called Sayee. Most important step of Hajj after assuming Ahram is Wuquf. Waqoof -e-Arfah is the Rukn-e-Azam of Hajj With the performance of Rami onthe 10th Zil -Hajj, the most of the bindings of Hajj on thepilgrim are released. Three uprigh t stones are called Jamarat. After Waquf the most important step is Tawaf. In Hajj there are triple obligations (Farz). Umrah can be performedat any time throughout the yearexcept 9th to 11th Zil -Hajj. Hujjaj stat at Mina for one day, the second d ay at Arafat and the final day, encampment is donefor a night at Muzdalfah, it is called Wuquf. Who said that Hajj isgreatest of all worshipsimam Malik. How many undesirable acts of Ihraam are there six. How many permitted acts of Ihraam arether eFour. Prohibitions and restructions of Ihram are8. The first and the inaugural Farz ofHajj and Umrah is Ihram. The first and inner most circle a round Kaba is Masjid -e-Haram. The second circle around Kaba is Makkah Mukaramah. The third circle around Kaba is Haram. Who firsly dogged boundaries of Haram, the third circle around Kaaba Adam. The fourth cirle around Kaba is Mowaqeet. The place where no one can advance without putting on Ihram is Mowaqeet. Two thousand years before the creation of Adam, Kaba was constructed. Angels built Kaba firstly inthe universe. During the Noahs time Kaaba disappeared due to flood. The gate which is the best for the pilgrims to enter in Kaba is Bab -e-Salam. Hajr -e-Aswad means black stone. substantial color of Hajr-e-Aswad was white. The small piece of landb/wk Rukn -e-Islam and Rukn-e-Yamani is called Hateem. The place where offering prayer is just like offering prayer inside Kaba is Hateem. There are five types of Tawaf. Hajji go to Al -Multazim after completing the seven rounds. Al -Multazim means the place of holding. The portion of the seawall of Kaba which is b/w its brink and Hajr -e-Aswad is called al-Multazim. Sayee is commenced from Safa andends at Marwa. After performing Say ee Hujjaj go to Mina. Muzdalfa is a plain. Muzdalfa is located b/w Mina & Arafat. Muzdalfa is located six miles from Makkah. From Mina Muzdalfa is terce milesaway. Muzdalfa is called Sacred Monument in Quran. At Muzdalfa Maghrib & Ishaprayers are offered together. Pebbles are collected fromMuzdalfa. Jamarat which is nearest to Makkah iscalled Jamarat -ul-Uqba. Smallest Jamarat is Jamarat -al-Sughra. Rami is held at Mina. Talbiah is stopped after Rami. Afrad, Qarran and Tamatae are he types of Hajj. Dhulhulaifah is the Meeqat for the people of Pakistan. Dhulhulaifah is a point six milefrom Madina. islamic history month wise outlines Muharram-ul-Haram 1st pour down of new Islamic year2nd Arrival of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) in Karbala (61 A. H. )seventh doorway to water was blocked from thecamp of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) the 3rd Holy Imam (61 A. H. )10th Ashoora Martyrdom of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) and his companions (61 A. H. )11th Prophet Mohammad(sawaw)s family was shackled a nd interpreted away as prisoners 12th Soyem of the martyrs of Karbala 16th Change of direction of qibla from Bait-al-maqdas to Kaaba (2 A. H. )17th Attack of Abrahas army on Khana -e-Kaaba (1 Aamul Feel)25th Martyrdom of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) the quaternary Holy Imam (95 A. H. ) Safar-ul-Muzaffar 1st Battle of Siffin (36-37 A. H. )3rd tolerate of Imam Mohammad Baqir(a. s. ) the 5th Holy Imam (57 A. H. ) Disputed date6th, 8th or 13th Martyrdom of Hazrat Sakina bint-al-Hussain(a. s. ) (61 A. H. ) 7th Birth of Imam Moosa al-Kazim(a. s. ) the 7th Holy Imam (128 A. H. ) 7th Martyrdom of Imam Hasan(a. s. ) the 2nd Holy Imam (50 A. H. ) Disputed date 7th Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn-e-Moosa ar-Riza(a. s. ) the 8th Holy Imam (203 A. H. )19th Abraha attacked Khana-e-Kaaba (1 Aamul Feel)20th Arbaeen of martyrs of Karbala twenty-eigh th Wisal of ProphetMuhammad(sawaw) (11 A. H. )28th Martyrdom of Imam Hasan(a. s. ) the 2nd Holy Imam (50 A. H. )29th Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn-e-Moosa ar-Riza(a. s. ) the 8th Holy Imam (203 A. H. ) Disputed date Rabi-al-Awwal 1st Hijrat-e-Madina Start of Islamic Hijri calendar fourth final stage of Hazrat FatimaMasooma-e-Qum(a. s. ) (201 A. H. ) Disputed date8th Martyrdom of Imam Hasan Askari(a. s. ) he 11th Holy Imam (260 A. H. ) 8th Beginning of Ghaibat-e-Sughra of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) the 12th Holy Imam(a. s. )9th Eid-e-Zahra(s. a. )10th close of Hazrat Abdul Mutallib(a. s. ) grand father of ProphetMuhammad(sawaw) 10th Marriage of Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) and Hazrat Khadija(s. a. )fifteenth Building of Masjid-e-Quba the first Masjid in Islam (1 A. H. )17th Birth ofProphet Muhammad(sawaw) (53 years before Hijra) 17th Birth of Imam Jafer Sadiq(a. s. ) the 6th Holy Imam (82 A. H. )25th Death of Hazrat Abu Talib(a. s. ) Rabi-us-Sani 8th or 10th Bi rth of Imam Hasan Askari(a. . ) the 11th Holy Imam (232 A. H. )10th Death of Hazrat Fatima Masooma-e-Qum(a. s. ) (201 A. H. ) Disputed date Jamadi-al-Awwal 5th Birth of Hazrat Zainab bint-e-Ali(a. s. ) (5 A. H. )13th Death of Hazrat Fatima Zahra(s. a. ) (11 A. H. )15th Birth of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) the 4th Holy Imam (38 A. H. ) Disputed date 17th Battle of Jamal (36 A. H. ) Jamadi-us-Sani 10th Battle of Mauta and martyrdom of Hazra Jafer Tayyar(a. s. ) (3 A. H. )13th Death of Hazrat Umm-ul-Baneen Mother of Hazrat Abbas(a. s. ) 20th Birth of Hazrat Fatima Zahra(s. a. ) Rajab-ul-Murrajjab st Birth of Imam Mohammad Baqir(a. s. ) the 5th Holy Imam (57 A. H. )2nd or 5th Birth of Imam Ali Naqi al-Hadi(a. s. ) the 10th Holy Imam (214 A. H. )3rd Martyrdom of Imam Ali Naqi al-Hadi(a. s. ) the 10th Holy Imam (254 A. H. ) 10th Birth of Imam Mohammad Taqial-Jawwad(a. s. ) the 9th Holy Imam (195 A. H. )12th Death of Hazrat Abbas ibn-e-Abdul Muttalib(a. s. ) uncle of ProphetMohammad(sawaw)13th Birth of Imam Ali(a. s. ) the 1st Holy Imam (30 Aamul Feel) 13th, 14th, 15th Ayyam-e-Bayd the coruscant days15th Death of Hazrat Zainab bin-e-Ali(a. s. ) (62 A. H. )20th Birth of Hazrat Sakina bint-al-Hussain(a. s. ) (57 A. H. ) 24th Battle of Khaibar (7 A. H. )25th Martyrdom of Imam Moosa-e-Kazim(a. s. ) the 7th Holy Imam (183 A. H. )26th Death of Hazrat Abu Talib(a. s. ) Disputed date 27th Event of Mairaj Ascension of Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) towards heavens28th Start of journey of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) towards Karbala (60 A. H. )29th Battle of Tabooq (9 A. H. ) Shabaan-ul-Moazzam 1st Birth of Hazrat Zainab bint-e-Ali(a. s. ) (5 A. H. ) 3rd Birth of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) the3rd Holy Imam (4 A. H. )4th Birth of Hazrat Abbas(a. s. (26A. H. )5th Birth of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) the 4th Holy Imam (38 A. H. ) 7th Birth of Hazrat Qasim ibn-e-Hasan(a. s. ) (48 A. H. )8th Beginning of Ghaibat-e-Sughra of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) the 12th Holy Imam (260A. H. ) 11th Birth of Hazrat AliAkbar(a. s. ) (44 A. H. )13th, 14th, 15th Ayyam-e-Bayd the bright days14th Evening Aamal of Neema-e-Shabaan 15th Birth of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) the 12th Holy Imam (255A. H. ) 238. The commandment for observing Fast has been stipulated in the Surah Al-Baqara239. What is atonement for breaking the Fast?To feed 60 people240. It is a door through which fast observing people would enter paradise. Bab-ul-Riyan241. Which important night falls in Ramzan? Lailat-ul-Qadr242. How many days are prohibit for abstemiousness throughout the year? 5243. In which month virtues flourish and evil is suppressed? Ramzan244. What is the meaning of Aitekaf? Seclusion245. Aitekaf during the month of Ramzan is. Wajib246. Which Rukn-e-Islam is called as shield? Fasting247. Which is the Third organic pillar of Islam? Fasting248. When Siyyam of Ramzan was beau monde? 2 A. H 249. Tarawih is a prayer of Ramzan. It me ans. To stand250.Which important Ghazwa was fought in the very first Ramzan? Badr251. Who arranged Namaz-e-Tarawih in the leadership of Imam? Hazrat Umar (R. A) 252. Literally meaning of Hajj is The will of visit 254. Hajj was made obligatory in 9 A. H253. Yome- Afra is called Hajj Day 254. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performedHajj in his life. angiotensin converting enzyme 255. Hajj is a pilgrimage of Holy Kabba256. When did the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) offer Hajj? 10 A. H 257. There are.. types of Hajj. Three258. In which Surah Hajj has been commanded? Al-Baqara259. How many camels the Holy Prophet (PBUH) scarified? 63260. Shoot meansOne tawaf of Kabba 261. The day of sacrifice during Hajj is called.. Yum-e-Nehr262. The rite of offering sacrifice is performed atMina 263. Jamarat on 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th of the Zil Hajj is performed in. Mina264. Which deuce prayers are offered together at Muzdalifa on the 9th Zil-ul-Hajj? Maghrib-Isha 265. The number of Khutbas during the Hajj is.. One266. The first Hajj was performed byHazrat Adam (A. S), Hazrat Hawa (A. S)267. Who built the first structure of the holy Kabba? Hazrat Adam (A. S)268. What is the fundamental pillar of Islam which requires both physical and financialsacrifices? Hajj269.Literally Jihad meansTo strive hard 270. Jihad was ordained on Muslims through a Quranic verse in(A. H) 2nd271. The battle was forbidden i n Arabs in the month of Muharram272. The word Jihad is derived from the wordJuhada 273. The meaning of Jihad fi Sbil Allah is.. Fighting in the way of Allah274. What is the meaning of Qital? Fighting275. How many encounters took place mingled with the Muslims and non-Muslims during the lifeof the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? 82276. What is the meaning of Rukn? Support277. What is the plural f Rukn? Arkan278. What is said to Namaz in Arabic? Salat279. What are the meanings of Salat?Rehmat, Barkat280. When Namaz was ordered? On 27th Rajab 10th Hijri on the occasion of Mehraj281. What is th e difference between Kufr and Islam? Namaz282. Name the five NamazFajar, Zuhar, Asar, Maghrib, Isha 283. Describe the Farz Rakaats of each NamazFajar 2, Zuhar 4, Asar 4, Maghrib 3, Isha 4284. What are the Farz of Namaz (Salat)? Qayyam, Rakoo, Sajda285. Which kind of worship is liked by Allah? Namaz286. When Wazoo was ordered? 5 Hijra287. When Azan was started? 1 Hijra288. When Tayammum was ordered? 5 Hijra289. Namaz-Ba-Jamaat is how much better than individual Namaz? 27 times290. In which timings the Namaz is prohibited?Sun rising, suns setting, sun at the mid291. When first azan was read in Kabba? 9 Hijri, on the occasion of conquest of Makah292. Which Namaz Allah likes among Nafli Namaz? Namaz-e-Tahajat293. What the Namaz-e-Jumma and Eids create in Muslims? Collectiveness (Gathering)294. When is Namaz-e-Kasoof read? At the time of Solar eclipse295. When Namaz-e-Kauf is read? When no rains296. How many Takbeers are in Namaz-e-Janaza? Four297. When the order for Tahweel-e-Qibla was made? 2 Hijri298. When first Namaz of Eid-ul-Fitr was read? 1st Shawal, 2 Hijri 1. On Judgement Day, what will be asked first? Namaz2.How many times word Zakat is use in Makki Surahs? 22 times3. What is the rate of usher for canal irrigated Zameen? 5 per cent or 1/54. Who are not entitled to get Zakat? Parents, Husband, wife and children5. What is the 4th Rukn (pillar) of Islam? Roza (fasting)6. How many Arkan Roza has? Three, to restrict eating, drinking and sexual intercourse7. What are the objectives of Roza? Taqwa, Zabti-Nafas, Shukar8. What we say to 1st Ashra of Ramzan catacomb of fractures and discharge at the lowest point around the reservoir and the Indus River. damming the Indus has already caused a number of environmental problems that have not yetaddressed.Silt deposited in the proposed Kalabagh dam would further curtail the water storagecapacity of Manchar Lake and other lakes and of wetlands like Haleji Lake. President General Musharraf and other leaders, such as Pri me Minister Shaukat Aziz, have promised ? iron -clad constitutional guarantees to ensure that Sindh gets its fair share of water. However, these assurances mean little to most Sindhis, who point out that even the earlier 1991Indus Water-Sharing Accord, which is a document already guaranteed by the constitutional body, the Council of Common Interests, has been violated,and that Punjab has ? tolen their water. The objection to Kalabagh in Sindh is widespread. Even political parties of Sindh that are in thecentral cabinet and are supported by General Musharraf, such as the MQM, have stronglydenounced the dam. NWFP viewpointThe NWFP has two main objections to the dam. While the reservoir will be in the NWFP, thedams electricity-generating turbines will be justacross the provincial border in Punjab. Therefore, Punjab would get royalties from the centralgovernment in Islamabad for generating electricity. Contrary to this,however, Punjab has agreednot to accept any royalties from the Kalab agh Dam.The fact that theNWFP will suffer theadverse consequences of the reservoir but not get royalties is seen as unfair. Concerns that large areas of Nowshera district would be submerged by the dam and even widerareas would suffer from waterlogging and salinityas has occurred with theTarbela Dam. Balochistan viewpointThe dam does not promptly affect the Baloch as such. Rather, most nationalist Baloch Sardars seesthe dam as another instance of Punjab lording it over the smaller provinces. By opposing the damthey are signaling their estrangement with being thepoorest province and most neglected of all indevelopment.In reality Balochistan can only get more water and its due share after the grammatical construction of Kalabagh dam and Kachhi canal. The Common Mans ViewpointMajority of people of Pakistan are against the construction Kalabagh dam, as its construction canprove a danger to sustain the unification of provinces under the name Pakistan. The only peoplewho want the construc tion of Kalabagh dam can be classified into two groups The first is thehigh ranked officers of Pakistan army, whowill be granted farmlands to beirrigated by Kalabaghdam after the retirements (in fact these are themost top executiveful supporters of dam).The secondgroup is the political leaders of Punjab since the issue has turned out be a war between Sindh andPunjab, so by favouring the construction of Dam, Punjabi politicians can maintain their vote-bank. The only reason why President Pervaiz Musharaf favours Kalabhgh dam is because he needs the support of Punjab to sustain his dictatorship in the country. All the ? oppressed provinces (Sindh, NWFP and Balochistan) of the country has already expressed a huge concernover the construction of dam, specially in Sindh where every single street has observed the protestagainst the dam.The people of these oppressed provinces do not weigh in any guarantee from ? Punjabiz Pakistani government as it has already do ne many finishs against t heconstitution/treaties, for example, the regulation of water in Chashma-Jehlem link canal. AnalysisMost fencesitter analysts believe that the foremost problem with the proposed dam at Kalabaghis one of a trust deficit between the Punjab on one side and the other three provinces on the other. The noted columnist, Ayaz Amir suggested that the people of Punjab should redefine theirassumptions about the rest of Pakistan and distribution of resources.A layman of Punjab does notunderstand why the rest of Pakistan does not trust Punjab. The answer, according to Amir, lies inthe public coups staged by the Pakistan Army (which is overwhelmingly Punjabi in itscomposition), as well as the Armys extra-constitutional intervention and influence in publicsector and civil institutions of the country in general and Sindh inparticular. Now no province isready to trust the Punjab. All Pakistanis agree that Pakistan faces a severe water shortage, and that some form of watermanagement must be implem ent soon.Many point out that even if work on Kalabagh were tostart tomorrow, it would still take at least eightyears to complete and commissionsuch a largedam. In the meantime, the water situation would continue to worsen. Smaller dams, barrages, andcanals must be built before that, and water conservation techniques introduced. The WAPDA for years repeatedly changed its statistics on the dam, to the point where no-one inPakistan now believes any of its figures. Government of Pakistan formed a technical committee,headed by A.N. G. Abbasi, to study the technical merits of the Kalabagh dam vis-a-vis the othertwo. The four-volume technical report concluded that Bhasha or Katzarah dam should be builtbefore Kalabagh, further complicating matters. To make matters even more complex, the reportalso stated that Kalabagh and Bhasha Dams could be considered feasible. The abrupt way in which President General Musharraf announced the decision to build the dam,simply overruling the objections of t he smaller states, has sharply polarised public opinion.In Punjab the view is one of? its high time while in the other states, especially Sindh,the reactionhas been one of ? over my on the spur of the moment body?. The fact that the General literally dragged so controversial an issue off the backburner and thrustit into national centre stage without consideringthe predictable reactions from the smallerprovinces has left many aghast. untold has been said in the press, and the issue is still far frombeing resolved. KAROONJHAR DAMKaroonjhar Dam is a dam in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan.MANGLA DAMAs per the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960, India gained rights for the Ravi, Sutlej and Beasrivers, while Pakistan, in addition to waters of above three rivers in her area and some monetarycompensation, got rights to develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins. Until 1967, theentire irrigation system of Pakistan was fully dependent on unregulated flows of theIndus and itsmajor tribut aries. The agricultural break was very low for anumber of reasons, themost importantbeing a lack of water during critical growingperiods.This problem stemmed from the seasonalvariations in the river flow and the absence seizure of storage reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts ofsurplus water during periods of high riverdischarge. The Mangla Dam was the first development visit undertaken to reduce this shortcoming andstrengthen the irrigation system. The dam wasdamaged partly during anIndian Air Forcebombing in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the hydel project was hit by the bombs. The Mangla Dam projectThe Mangla Dam, the twelfth largest dam and third largest earth-filled dam in the world, is only115 km southeastern United States of Rawalpindi.One has to turn left from Dina Town and the dam on riverJhelum is about 14 km to the east. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 100miles southeast of the federal capital, Islamabad. The main structures of the dam include 4embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a power property. The main dam is 10,300 feet long and 454 feet high (above core trench) with a reservoir of 97. 7square miles. Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1. 13MAF, and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4. 5 MAF from the actual design of5. 88 MAF. The live capacity has declined to 4. 58 MAF from 5. 34 MAF. This implies a reductionof 19. 22% in the capacity of the dam. The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used forirrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and itstributaries. Its secondary function was to generateelectrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head ofthe reservoir. The project wasnot designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from itsuse for irrigation and water supply.In the centre of the dam there is a Gakkhar Fort from wh ere one can have a panoramic view of thelake. MIRANI DAMMirani Dam is located in Gwadar District, Balochistan,Pakistan. Mirani Dam multipurposeproject, is located on Dasht River, about 30 miles west of Turbat in Makran Division ofBalochistan, it envisages provision of dependable irrigation supplies for the development refirrigated agriculture on the two banks of the river. The project have been completed in November2006 and inaugurated by president Pervaiz of Pakistan.SHAKIDOR DAMThe Shakidor (Shadi Kor) dam is located near Pasni, in the Balochistan province of south westPakistan, 1,900 km (1,180 miles) from Islamabad and has a length of about 148 meters (485 feet). It was built in 2003, at acost of 45 million rupees (758,853 dollars), to provide irrigation water tothe nearby farms. On February 10, 2005, the dam burst under the pressure of a weeks worth of rain, killing at least70 villagers and dragging their bodiesto the Arabian Sea. ThePakistani military was sent intoemergency Sea rch and Rescue operations, saving 1,200 people but still having to account for over400 missing.SUKKAR BARRAGEThe Sukkur barrage is a barrage across the Indus river near the city of Sukkur, Pakistan. It wasbuilt during the British Raj from 1923 to 1932 as the Lloyd Barrage tohelp alleviate faminescaused by lack of rain. The barrage enables water to flow through what was originally a 6166-mile long network of canals, feeding thelargest irrigation system in the world, with more than5million acres (20,000 km? ) of irrigated land. The retaining wall has sixty-six spans, each 60 feet wide each span has a gate which weighs 50tons.TARBELA DAMTarbela Dam (or the National Dam), the worlds largest earth-filled dam on one of the worldsmost important rivers the Indus-, is 103km from Rawalpindi near Haripur District. It is a majorsource of Pakistans total hydroelectric capacity. Tarbela Dam is part of the Indus Basin Project,which resulted from a water treaty signed in 1960 between India and Pak istan, guaranteeingPakistan water supplies indie of upstream control by India. Construction began in 1968,and was completed in 1976 at a cost of Rs. 18. 5 billion. Over 15,000 Pakistani and 800 foreignworkers and engineers worked during its construction.It is the biggest hydel power station inPakistan having a capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity. The dam has a volume of138,600,000 cubic yards (106,000,000 m? ). With a reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet(13. 69 km? ), the dam is 469feet (143 m) high and 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest whiletotal area of the lake is 260 sq. km. It helps to maintain the flow of the Indus during seasonalfluctuations. A new, smaller hydroelectric power project has been developed downstream known as the GhaziBarotha Hydel force out Project.It is solely forgenerating electricity and has awater channel withthe highest flow in the world. While the dam has fulfilled its purpose instoring water for agricultural use in Pakistan,there havebeen environmental consequences to the Indus river delta. Reductions of seasonal flooding andreduced water flows to the delta have decreased mangrove stands and the abundance of some fishspecies. Permits are required for visiting the Dam. interest contact Public Relations Officer (PRO), Waterand Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Tarbela (Tel 051-568941-2).A No-ObjectionCertificate (NOC) from the Ministry of Interior (Shaheed-e-Millat Sectt. ), Islamabad is alsorequired for foreign visitors. DIAMER-BHASHA DAMDiamer-Bhasha Dam is the name of a dam that has been aforethought(ip) in the Northern Areas ofPakistan on the River Indus. It is located about 314 km upstream of Tarbela Dam and about 165km downstream of Gilgit. The dam is expected to create a large reservoir with a gross capacity of7. 3 million-acre feet (9 km? ) submerging large tracts of landin the Diamer district. The dam issupposed to have a power times capacity of 3. 60 megawatts and is expected to considerableeas e up the skewed hydro to thermal power generation ratio in Pakistan. It is expected that thedetailed drawings of the dam would be completed by March 2008, immediately after whichconstruction work shall begin. TANDA DAM (RAMSAR SITE)Tanda Dam is lcated inKohat District, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. The sitecomprises a small water storage area insemi-arid hills in thecatchments of the Kohat Toi River. Although most of the shoreline is steep, stony and devoid of aquatic vegetation, at the west endthere are some areas of gently shelving muddy shores with a small amount of emerging