American Indian Education Essay Example for Free

American Indian Education Essay In this article the author argues that the American government should provide the Indian society the opportunity to create their own institution, for further education. He believes the American culture is being forced upon Indian society through education. Arthur C Parker believes in further education, as he himself is a no graduate from Dickinson Seminary. In his experience, Indian Students are being taught to assimilate to common American culture, while disregarding there own family tree. He states that by placing an Indian University, students would be granted the opportunity to further there education, as well as, the opportunity to embrace there own culture. Based upon Indian culture, Indians will be able to expand there education at a superior level, while never being forced to be similar to the white race. The American Indian wouldn’t be no less than an American, now be treated any differently, but he believed that the Indian had the opportunity to be granted the same education. Furthermore, he feels like no other Indian should be left out of the proper education they deserve. In conclusion, Arthur C. Parker strongly stands up for his believes, and does bend his head in shame, he is proud to be and Indian. Considering the time frame, 1913, where America is a developing nation of many cultures, the brining of a single race institution would cause a big controversy. America is known as the â€Å"Melting Pot†, where there is a variety of different cultures. To one, this article will seem to be talking back to American society. Parker has a strong believe and feels like this will improve the Indians education. I believe that he is so passionate for the American Indian University because he did not have the opportunity to complete his education, probably because he didn’t feel comfortable in his learning environment. In my perspective, this article is important, but nothing extraordinary from modern days, this issue continues with other races. The opportunity to have a single race intuition would’ve meant that every single race would have that same right, one has to be accustomed to what America is, as of today, a mixture of many cultures and beliefs. In my opinion, any student who believes, and want a higher education, will do so in any environment they are in.

The Importance Of Travel Insurance Commerce Essay

The Importance Of Travel Insurance Commerce Essay Travel insurance includes insurance thats supposed to cover financial and medical expenses and other losses as youre traveling, either internationally or inside your own country. Travel insurance that is temporary could be arranged at the booking time of the trip to cover the duration of the trip, or a more extensive insurance could be bought from travel agents, travel insurance companies or from travel suppliers like tour operators or cruiselines. Travel insurance oftentimes provides coverage for different travelers. Travel insurance bought from travel suppliers is less inclusive than insurance provided by the insurance companies. International travel, cruise travel, adventure travel, leisure travel, business travel and student travel are all different choices which could be insured.   The more popular complications which are covered by this type of insurance include:   Return of a minor kid   Trip interruption/cancellation   Overseas funeral expenditures   Departure thats delayed   Baggage thats delayed   Rental car damage excess and personal liability   Medical expenses   Emergency repatriation/evacuation   Repatriation of remains   Disablement benefit, injury or accidental death   Curtailment   Damage to, theft of, or loss of money and personal possessions   Legal help   The insurers will cover pregnancy related expenditures, if the travel happens inside the 1st trimester. Following that, the insurance coverage differs from each insurer.   This type of insurance could additionally offer assistance services, oftentimes around the clock, seven days per week which could involve emergency travel assistance and concierge services.   Traveling insurance for the period of a journey is priced at around five to seven percent of the price of a trip.   Employment Insurance   Employment insurance includes a kind of insurance that offers financial support for the policyholder in the instance that he or she loses her or his job. Employment insurance is translated into unemployment benefits. Employment insurance might be offered by the government as a type of government financial aid or social security insurance. In this instance, employment insurance might refer to the funds offered by the government to cover any living expenses of an individual who unpredictably loses her or his job. Employment insurance of this kind is obtainable just for a short duration of transition til the individual locates another job. Additonally, there includes these kind of insurance policies obtainable for buy within insurance companies that are private.   Insurance for employment is sold as a portion of a loan or credit card package from lending institutions or banks. This type of insurance becomes a type of liability insurance where the individual doesnt benefit directly. Unemployment benefits of this kind dont offer funds which cover the price of living. Instead, the sole reason of this kind of unemployment benefit is for the individual to offer guarantee to the lending institution or bank that a loan will be paid, even if the individual unexpectedly loses her or his income.   This type of insurance covers liabilities and costs incurred by the insured individual as she or he unexpectedly loses his or her job. The kinds of financial aid offered by this kind of insurance include payment for financial obligations, like loans, as well as cost of living allowance.   Liability Inusrance   There includes several different kinds of insurance policies obtainable, yet liability insurance is one of the more common due to it costing less than the other choices. Regarding car insurance policies, liability insurance is priced less than full coverage. The purpose for this is due to full coverage insurance paying for both your car as well as any other car included in the accident, and medical expenses and property damage due to injuries to another party or you.   On the flip side, liability insurance is solely responsible for the other persons losses. Your and your property will be left unprotected, yet liability insurance will protect you from being held responsible for the other persons damages.   There includes various kinds of liability insurance, involving general liability, that operates in a similar way as car insurance, yet covers businesses.   The term D O liability means directors and officers liability and is supposed to cover the omissions or acts of the ones in the position of officer or director. A whole company ought not be held liable for the failure to act, actions, statements or other errors which are the responsibility of a director or officer.   Employer liability is additonally referred to as workers comp, and its a mandatory type of liability coverage which every business needs to possess.   Professional liability is almost the same as malpractice insurance, though coverage might not be as comprehensive as a few malpractice policies within various fields. The reason for professional liability would be to protect the ones seen as experts or professionals within a field, who might not be protected by general liability because of their expertise.   Credit Insurance   Credit insurance is a phrase utilized to define both consumer credit insurance as well as business credit insurance, that is, credit unemployment insurance, credit disability insurance and credit life insurance.   The easiest method of differentiating between these 2 kinds of insurance is:   Consumer credit insurance includes credit insurance which customers buy to insure payment of credit that is extended to the customer.   Business credit insurance includes credit insurance which businesses buy to insure payment of credit that is extended by a business.   Consumer credit insurance includes a method of customers to insure repayment of the loans even if the borrower loses a job, becomes disabled or passes away. Consumer credit insurance could be bought to insure all types of consumer loans involving home mortgage borrowing, loans from finance companies, credit card debt and auto loans. Though bought by the borrower/consumer, the benefit payment will go to the company financing the buy or extending credit toward the customer.   The trade or credit insurance is a risk management product and insurance policy which covers a payment risk that results from the delivery of services or goods. Trade insurance typically pays an agreed percentage of a receivable or invoice which stays unpaid as the result of a protracted default, bankruptcy or insolvency and covers a portfolio of buyers. Trade insurance is bought by business entities in order to insure that their accounts receivable from loss was caused by the insolvency of debtors. This type of product isnt obtainable to individual people.   Health Insurance   Health insurance is a kind of collectivism where the individuals pool collectively their risk, and in this instance, the risk of incurring medical expenditures. The collective will be organized on a non-profit basis for the pool members and is publicly owned, although pools of health insurance, within a few countries, might additionally be managed by the for-profit companies. At times, its utilized broadly to incorporate insurance covering long-term nursing, disability or custodial care necessities. It might be offered via the government-sponsored social insurance plan, or from insurance companies that are private. It might be bought upon a group basis or bought by a single person. In either instance, the individuals or covered groups pay a premium, fee or taxto assist in protecting themselves from unpredictable healthcare expenditures.   The U.S. system of health care heavily relies upon private health insurance, the main coverage source for many Americans. Fifty-eight percent of Americans possess private health insurance, according to the CDC. Public plans offer the main coverage source for seniors as well as children and families with low-incomes who meet specific qualification requirements. The main public plans include Medicare, a federal social insurance plan for senior citizens and specific disabled people, Medicaid, thats funded jointly by the states and federal government, yet administered at the state level, that covers specific low income families and their children, as well as SCHIP, additionally a federal-state partnership which serves specific families and children who arent eligible for Medicaid, yet who cant afford coverage that is private.   Property Insurance   Property insurance offers protection against a majority of risks to property, like theft, fire and weather damage. This involves specialized types of insurance like boiler insurance, home insurance, earthquake insurance, flood insurance or fire insurance. The property will be insured within 2 primary ways named perils and open perils. Named perils require the specific loss cause to be listed within an insurance policy to be offered. Open perils will cover every bit of the loss causes not solely excluded within a policy. Some common exclusions on open peril policies involve damage that results from war, acts of terrorism, nuclear incidents, floods and earthquakes.  Ã‚   There includes 3 kinds of property insurance coverage. Specific cash value coverage offers replacement price minus the depreciation. Extended replacement price will pay above the coverage limit if the prices for construction increase. As you receive property insurance, the limit for coverage is the maximum quantity the company of property insurance will pay out in the instance of property loss. The quantity will have to fluctuate if houses within the neighborhood rise. Household content replacement will be tabulated as a percentage of the value of your house in the instance of a fire. A policy could pay for alternative arrangements of living if a fire makes your house uninhabitable. One final coverage choice will be to possess alternative living arrangements incorporated into the policy. Replacement cost coverage will pays the price of replacing your property regardless of its appreciation or depreciation. The premiums for replacement cost coverage are based upon replacement price va lues.   Life Insurance   In order to clear up any confusion, life insurance is made to protect the ones you love from financial disaster in the case of your death. Understanding this, it is vital that you establish if you require life insurance and how much you need to buy.   You usually require life insurance if:   You possess children who are dependent   The retirement funds you have arent enough to offer for your spouse a secure future   You possess a huge estate   You possess a spouse   Elderly parents or relatives depend upon your income  Ã‚   You own your own business   If you do not possess dependents, you might still want to buy an insurance policy in order to prevent becoming a financial burden to the ones you love. Young singles will additionally benefit from buying insurance while they are healthy and young, permitting them to secure a lower premium for furture years.   The beneficiaries of the life insurance policy could utilize the proceeds from the life insurance to:   Pay any estate taxes   Pay for daily expenses such as clothing, childcare and food   Donate to a charity   Pay for funeral costs and last expenses   Pay off any existing debts such as credit card debt, car loan or mortgage   Put toward your spouses fund for retirement   Deciding how much insurance the ones you love will require to maintain their living quality could be difficult. Experts advise buying between five and ten times your yearly salary.   Home Insurance   The main activity while identifying home insurance is to examine what falls outside of basic coverage, you ought to then create a plan for retaining, transferring, reducing or avoiding the exposures as they might be required. Its usually ideal to fill gaps prior to serious uninsured losses occuring. Home insurance doesnt imply cheaper coverage, and determinations ought not be based only upon cost.   Your home insurance policy ought to possess coverage of these parts:   Theft, destruction, or damage to your property  Ã‚   Prices of living expenses within cases of loss   No-fault medical payments to those injured upon your property   Destruction or damage of the detached structures  Ã‚   Personal liability for all property damage and injuries   A vital factor to keep in mind is that your house must be insured for one-hundred percent of the estimated new replacement price. If you insure for depreciated or original value, depreciation will be deducted from the costs of repair and the claim payments will be significantly decreased.   The added premium ought to make it simpler than facing hundreds in losses if the value of the house has appreciated. Ten percent is involved for detached structures, for instance, if the home is insured for $350,000, coverage for $35,000 is involved for detached structures. Its recommended to include the extra coverage for replacement value for the structures that are detached.   For your home insurance to be effective, it might require some proper planning to receive the ideal value in obtaining cheaper home insurance.   Auto Insurance   Many states require their drivers to have auto insurance prior to issuing an auto registration, so its a policy that you cant avoid if you possess a vehicle. The lingo of auto insurance could be especially complicated to comprehend, yet its worth studying if you do not wish to pay premiums that are excessive.   The initial theory of auto insurance is that the policy will cover a certain vehicle. This will mean that youre not covered while driving other vehicles, like your brothers jalopy, unless the policy especially involves them. Because of potential damage to the vehicle itself or injuries that are caused by the automobile, the policy additionally insures the individuals who ride or drive within the car. Primarily, the auto insurance policy will cover your family and you. But, if you allow somebody else to operate your vehicle, like a relative or friend, she or he additionally will be covered on the policy.   Your auto insurance is many types of coverage mixed into a single policy. The main components of coverage include underinsured and uninsured motorist, personal injury, medical payments, comprehensive, collision, property damage and bodily injury.   A few facilities will ask questions which differentiate your automobile usage from the population that is general. But, as it comes to several factors which may decrease the premium, like whether you work full-time or part-time, or the amount of trips you usually make in a week, the risk from heavy drivers will be shared across the whole portfolio of users.   We are a small, independent company, which runs through talent and creativity. We provide our client with highly customized solutions which more closely meet their needs and reflect their company most accurately. We treat every project as a masterpiece, an art that will cater to a worldwide audience. Furthermore, being a small, home-based company, we can offer you the most affordable deal and we can start working with a much lower fee.   We offer  personalized creative design solutions  to meet your needs. Here at ARTUS 360, we create websites that get results.

Impact of Debt Servicing on Economic Growth

Impact of Debt Servicing on Economic Growth Abstract The external debt has become a key problem for Pakistan. Pakistan has huge debt to pay, which also entails interest payment on the loan borrowed. It adds burden to the economy of Pakistan. Government through different means try to pay these loans. In this paper we have analyzed the impact of debt servicing on economic growth, i.e. whether debt servicing positively or negatively affect the economic growth. The data collected for this purpose ranges from 1982 to 2008. We have use regression test and find out that debt servicing is positively effecting the growth of Pakistan. Key Words: Debt Servicing, Economic Growth, GDP, Human Capital, Labor Force Introduction Many researchers have focused on the relationship between external debt and growth, and what is the impact of external debt on economy. It also persists to attract considerable interest from economists and policymakers. A large amount of research has been carried out on this topic and substantial literature is also available, but few have conducted research on the impact of debt servicing on economic growth. The conditions and the interest rates on which the loan is provided can vary from donor to donor. Weak economies due to low revenue generation cannot meet their expenses and have to gain loan from international financial institutions or have to issue Treasury bills. Once they obtain loan they utilize it in the development projects and generate revenue, however on maturity, Government does not have to repay only the principal amount of loan but also have to pay amount of interest on it. International Financial Institutions like World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank are the leading donor agencies. They give loan on hard and soft conditions depending upon the credit rating of the country. The discussion is going on for a passage of time, whether debt acquired by the loaner country, helps it in boosting the economic growth or the conditions implied by the donor lowers the economic growth. The higher debt service payments can also have negative effects on the composition of public spending by minimizing the amount of resources available for infrastructure and human capital, which have negative effects on growth. If external debt service is minimized it could increase growth through public investment. (Clemets et al, 2003). (Cholifihani, 2008) discuss the relationship between Public debt service and GDP. He used a production function model which measured GDP as a function of debt service, capital stock, labor and human capital in which all data are represented by constant local currency unit. He comes up with the result that Indonesia faces a debt overhang problem in the long run since increasing the public external debt service slows economic growth. The objective of this research paper is to determine the impact of debt servicing on the economic growth of Pakistan; which needs to be reviewed as these dimensions are not studied before especially in the context of Pakistan. Research study will be carried on the basis of data available of the debt servicing and economic growth. Literature Review Developing countries face the problem of debt-servicing on the economic growth which creates extra burden on the economies. For countries who do not want to print money and have lo generation of tax revenue will opt for borrowing money. Like many other LDCs, Pakistan being one of developing country has accumulated large debt burden and continuously made debt-servicing payments to the lenders which ultimately affects the fiscal position of the country. Debt Borrowing have to speed up the economic growth particularly when domestic financial resources are not enough to meet and need the extra funds. Theory of Economic also states that reasonable levels of loan accelerate economy and beyond a certain level it affects the economy negatively. The key factor is that countries in early years of development have low levels of capital stock and also the investment chances are lower. Many researchers have often argued that borrowing countries if invest the funds into productive development programs, they certainly would enjoy Macroeconomic stability. This results in lowering the debt obligations and increase in the economic growth. (Blavy, 2006) conduct a research over Jamaica, in which he emphasis on channeling the debt into productive investment. He also states that high level of debt is directly related to low level of growth. (Krugman 1988) define debt overhang a situation in which the expected repayment on external debt falls short of contractual value of debt. If a countrys debt level is anticipated to increase the countrys repayment ability with some probability in the future, expected debt service is likely to be a boosting function of the countrys output level. Investment from domestic and foreign investors is depressed which results in slowing of the economic growth. In other words, Krugman hypothesis states that debt overhang is partly due to the burden of foreign debt and that investment will be slow resulting in poor growth performance. The most widely used indicator to express debt is percentage of GNP or debt servicing as a percentage of exports and fiscal deficit for both external and internal (S.P Gupta, 1994). Rising debt limits the ability of a country to finance vital imports and to initiate new development projects. Paper focuses on some countries because of their low per capita income dependence heavily on few primary commodities for export earnings. Most of the projects were designed to improve domestic industry rather than increasing exports directly, concept was that national economies would grow over time and also the export production, and reasonable trends in export prices would allow the debt service obligations (Joshua Greene, 1989). .Most of the low income countries that face the problem of budget deficit have weak domestic structure. They get loan through International Financial Institutions like World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Asian Development Bank and through developed countries. IMF providing the debt on certain conditions also asks them to export primary commodities. Due to the excess supply of primary commodities, prices gets low and revenue generated is low, which can cause problems like debt overhang for the debtors nation (Michael, 1998). (William Easterly 2002) states the reasons of poor countries becoming heavily indebted poor countries. He states that Governments who does not change discount rates have to obtain more loans to get debt relief for long term. The major issue faced by the countries while paying debt is the increasing inflation and low growth. Repayment of external debt has shown to entail a tradeoff between growth and inflation (Beatriz et al, 1994). Credibility of the country is also a key factor in obtaining the loan on soft conditions and low interest rates. Countries with the less creditworthiness had to pay large spread on external debt and also have to face harsh conditions for obtaining loans. The increase in debt will add to the country loss of credibility (Gupta, 1994). The credit rationing effect arises, when debtors are not able to repay the debts. Countries increase their interest rates to enhance savings which lead to shorten the saving investment gap, which negatively affect investment and hurts economic growth. (Wijeweera et al, 2005). Like every country Pakistan also took measures to limit the inflationary pressure and to protect the competitiveness of its exports. In fact there is a time frame to work their way through economy, growth can be effected if the effectiveness is not done on time (Afxentiou and Serletis, 1996). Ogunmuyiwa, 2011 carry out a research in Nigeria, in which he measures the relationship between external debt and growth. He comes up with the result that causation between debt and growth in Nigeria is weak and insignificant, and changes in GDP cannot be forecast with changes in external debt Methodology The equation has been adopted by the Indonesian paper, in this equation we will be taking GDP as a function of Human Capital, labor force and Capital stock. Y=A+B1x1+B2x2+B3x3 Y (GDP) = ÃŽ ± + B1 (Human Capital) +B2 (Capital Stock) + B3 (Labor Force) + â‚ ¬ At first, we will be checking the relation of the variables to the GDP. How much they are explaining and are affecting GDP. In Second equation, we will be checking the relationship between GDP and external debt servicing. Equation is; Y=A+B1x1 Y (GDP) = ÃŽ ± + B1 (External Debt Servicing) + â‚ ¬ For this study, we have covered a period of 1982 to 2008. The data has been collected from World Bank Catalog. The variables used in this study are GDP, Capital stock, labor force, human capital and debt servicing. Data sources are taken from key indicators of Asian Development Bank, World Development Indicators published by the World Bank. Almost all monetary units of variables are in US dollars, while labor is expressed by number of people. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a dependent variable, whereas, capital stock, labor force, human capital are determinant factors of GDP (Cholifihani, 2008). Variable of income is represented by real GDP at 2000 constant prices as GDP better reflects the independent productive capacity of the country (Cordella, 2005). Capital stock is represented by real fixed capital stock. GDP and fix capital stock are taken from World Development Indicators (WDI) published by the World Bank. Labor force is defined as employed people. Total people working i.e. employed labor force in jobs are collected from key indicators published by Asian Development Bank (ADB). Human capital in this case is represented by education expenditure per year. Human capital is important as it enhances the economy since this variable includes general skills and ability of labor to do a job. External debt service is defined as Total the sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in foreign currency, goods, or services on long-term debt, interest paid on short-term debt and repayments (repurchases and charges) to the IMF (World Bank Catalog). Results Model Interpretation Significance R Square Standardized Co-efficient BETA Significance .000 .98 .163 Human Capital .104 Human Capital -.193 Capital Stock .038 Capital Stock 1.014 Labor Force .000 Labor Force In first equation we want to check the effect of all variables on GDP. -47090.6 is a fixed value which will come in each scenario. The coefficient of Human Capital is .163, means that increase in human capital will lead to increase in GDP. In other words it can be said that one unit change in human capital, GDP would also be increased by .163 units. The result is 0.104 which means it is less significant. The coefficient of capital stock is -.193, that if there is an increase in capital stock then GDP would be decreased. In other words we can say that Capital stock does not play a significantly role. The result is 0.00 which means it is negatively significant. The coefficient of labor force is 1.014, meaning if there is increase in labor force then GDP will be increased. The result is 0.00 which means it is positively significant. The R Square tells us about the model fitness. In our case the model is fit i.e. 98.08 %, hence we can conclude that all variables used in this model explain it by 98.08 % and around 2% is not explained by these variables. We can conclude that the other variables which explain the equation are external and are not included. Model Interpretation Significance R Square Standardized Co-efficient BETA Significance .000 .45 .675 Debt Servicing .000 Debt Servicing In the second equation, we have investigated the relationship between external debt servicing and GDP. The R square is 0.455, which means that only 45% is explained by this variable and rest of 55% was explained by external factors. The coefficient of debt servicing is .675 that if there is an increase in debt servicing then GDP would also increase. The result is 0.00 which means it is significant. Limitations The limitation of this study is that data of debt servicing includes only represents external debt servicing and the internal debt servicing was not included due to non availability of data. The result could have given a exact picture of the impact of debt servicing on economic growth if both internal and external debt service would have been added. In start we try to collect data from 1970 to 2008, but data was available from 1982 to 2008. Conclusion The main focus of this study was to analyze the effects of debt servicing on economic growth. Within limited indicators we find out that debt servicing has positively affected the economic growth of Pakistan. Theoretically it is not possible because a big amount form received borrowings is used for debt return and its interest and it should negatively affect the economy But in case of Pakistan the amount of debt circulating in the economy is high. Estimated about 70% of the economy of Pakistan consists of debt. With the passage of time, the debt should have reduced but it has increased. It can be said that the debt should be invested in productive areas rather than wasted on less productive projects.

Walk Across America Response Paper -- essays research papers

Walk Across America Response Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Walk Across America, Peter Jenkins takes a cross country walk to rediscover himself and the nation. In his journeys, he crosses through various states and meets many different kinds of people. From New York to New Orleans, Peter treks around this great country of ours and falls back in love with the place that he has called home for his entire life. After losing faith in the hypocrisy of America and how we are perceived around the world, Pete wants to find out what everyone thinks is so great about the country. He and his dog Cooper are set to give the country one last chance before they pack up their worldly goods and change scenery for good. After being introduced to the humble livings of a moon shiner in the Tennessee mountains, living with an African American family and finally settling down in a dorm room in New Orleans, Peter finds what he is looking for, but continues his journey onward (though not in this book). The book to me is all about the relations hips that he forms and the friends that he makes along the way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship shared between this man and his dog is one of intense love and mutual admiration. Cooper and Peter are a match made in heaven. The Alaskan malamute is what he calls his â€Å"forever friend†. On many different occasions, Coop saves his life. From a run in with a pack of wild dogs to the inspiration that he provided to Peter on a daily basis, Coop... Walk Across America Response Paper -- essays research papers Walk Across America Response Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Walk Across America, Peter Jenkins takes a cross country walk to rediscover himself and the nation. In his journeys, he crosses through various states and meets many different kinds of people. From New York to New Orleans, Peter treks around this great country of ours and falls back in love with the place that he has called home for his entire life. After losing faith in the hypocrisy of America and how we are perceived around the world, Pete wants to find out what everyone thinks is so great about the country. He and his dog Cooper are set to give the country one last chance before they pack up their worldly goods and change scenery for good. After being introduced to the humble livings of a moon shiner in the Tennessee mountains, living with an African American family and finally settling down in a dorm room in New Orleans, Peter finds what he is looking for, but continues his journey onward (though not in this book). The book to me is all about the relations hips that he forms and the friends that he makes along the way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship shared between this man and his dog is one of intense love and mutual admiration. Cooper and Peter are a match made in heaven. The Alaskan malamute is what he calls his â€Å"forever friend†. On many different occasions, Coop saves his life. From a run in with a pack of wild dogs to the inspiration that he provided to Peter on a daily basis, Coop...

Biblical Figures and Ideals in Shakespeares Richard II Essay -- Richa

Biblical Figures and Ideals in William Shakespeare's Richard II William Shakespeare's Richard II tells the story of one monarch's fall from the throne and the ascension of another, Henry Bullingbrook, later to become Henry IV. There is no battle fought between the factions, nor does the process take long. The play is not action-packed, nor does it keep readers in any form of suspense, but rather is comprised of a series of quietly dignified ruminations on the nature of majesty. Thus, the drama lies not in the historical facts, but in the effects of the situation on the major characters and the parallels drawn by Shakespeare to other tales. The outrage felt by Richard and his fellow royalists is not due from a modern sense of personal loss, but from the much more important sense of loss of order, which came most predominately from the strictly Catholic sensibilities of the time. In Richard's time kings were believed to be divinely appointed and "not all the water in the rough rude sea can wash the balm off from an anointed king" (III.iii, 54-5). T his disparity between the perceived will of God and the way in which the events unfold creates trouble in the minds of the characters and the audience. Shakespeare makes it clear that this is not just a simple switch of power, rather a series of events whose meanings and effects penetrate far deeper than the mere surface of the story. Although not as advanced in its stagecraft as many of Shakespeare's other plays, the intricate web of metaphor and poetry in Richard II makes it perhaps the most meaningful and intense of the historical plays. Richard is not the sniveling villain a lesser playwright might have made him, but a philosopher and a poet whose ideas of majesty have been c... ...49-50), desiring to repent his sin toward Richard in Jerusalem. The historical reality of this story is merely that a bad king was replaced by a better one. However, Richard II is not merely a play about a few men long dead; it is about betrayal, dignity, sacrifice, and redemption. Seen through Shakespeare's eyes, the story is not even only about the characters contained in it, but about biblical figures and ideals that enrich the play, allowing this drama to speak to its readers no matter their location in time and space and enticing all to say, of Richard, as of Christ of Shakespeare: the King is dead, long live the King. Work Cited Shakespeare, W. "The Tragedy of King Richard the Second." The Complete Classic Shakespeare. Toronto: Harcourt Brace Johanovich, Publishers, 1997 The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992.

Financial accounting and Managerial use Essay

Background LJB Company , a small business local distributor who understands to go public in the future, the company should be in accordance with the law and may need to take more stringent internal control principles. At the request of the president, an independent internal evaluation of internal controls was conducted to evaluate the direction of strength and weakness. Objective The objectives of this report should evaluate the existing controls and make recommendations that will ensure the companies assets and help get the most accurate financial information. Based on a system of internal checks and balances will be just in my recommendations to the president of the company, since most of the internal control systems provide for independent internal control; This principle involves the review of data prepared by employees. To get the maximum benefit from an independent internal control : Control values and Integrity from the top make it clear that it is unethical activities will not be accepted, and set the tone for the company’s culture . There are several principles of management : 1. Establishment of responsibility: management is most effective when a single source may be responsible for the problem, including the authorization and approval of transactions. Weakness: LJB has only one accountant who serves as treasurer and controller , which can optimize the processes , but it creates an inherent risk . Cashier handled informally . Accountant is so busy that the company handles the checkout bit differently . All employees have access to the petty cash drawer and just put a note asking if they use any of the cash. Recommendation: * Align the specific obligations of employees to limit access to authorized employees so that the buyer is not the same person who authorizes the payment without the approval of the head at least . Otherwise , a person may make payments that are made to yourself. * Use unique passwords per employee to protect the purchasing system to provide adequate documents and records management. * Assign petty cash custodian. 2 . Segregation of duties : † After one employee should , without duplication of effort , provide a sound basis for evaluating the work of another employee. † 2 * Strength: Accountant receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. This force , as the bank and the company maintain independent records , which may not always agree on what may be a simple mistake of either party. To maintain maximum benefits , a worker who has no other duties associated with cash should prepare a reconciliation. * Weakness: The same accountant all purchases of supplies and pays for these purchases per hour is a dual role . Petty cash handled all . * Recommendation: 1. Divide the purchase task to avoid the temptation of possible abuse. Keeper of the petty cash fund makes payments , but the reviews accountant to recharge . 2 . Require the authorization of the buyer and payment of employees on vacation at different times of the year. 3 . Documentation and procedures to provide evidence that the transactions and events occurred * Strength: Accountant recently started using pre- numbered invoices. * Weaknesses: Unclear procedures for shipping requirements , invoices and time signatures in developing accounting documents . All employees are required only to leave a note in the box , not supply a receipt. * Recommendation: * Delivery document indicates well have been shipped, invoice sales means that the client has been announced. Use remittance advice (mail receipts ) , cash register tapes, and deposit slips . * Require signature to identify the person responsible for the activity . * If possible , the user pre- numbered documents . It also helps to ensure that the transaction is no recorded several times or not at all . * Require time when documents should be sent in accounting for timely accounting. * Require receipts for most, if not all operations on a small number of dollars. Note: accountant wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. I would recommend the purchase of this equipment , depending on the cost-benefit analysis . Keep blank checks in safes with limited access will  be my first suggestion to cut spending immediately , with no additional costs. | 4 . Physical control can be mechanical and electronic asset protection . * Strength: Before leaving for the weekend accountant , accountant will move checks in a safe in his office . * Weakness: For salaries , checks selected accountant and left in his office for pick-up . Cashier box is not locked. * Recommendation: * Closed storage inventory and records management and control at all times, and not just for the weekend . * Alarm to prevent tampering if appropriate cost benefit * Closed petty cash . 5 . Independent internal verification includes an overview and comparison of the data to reconcile * Strength: Does not work . * Weaknesses: Unclear procedures requirements signatures , such as small cash transactions. Accountant is so busy that the company handles the checkout bit differently . All employees have access to the petty cash drawer and just put a note asking if they use any of the cash. * Recommendation: 1. Require an accountant to examine receipts and documents to verify costs to replenish funds. 2 . Surprise internal audits 6. Office of Human Resources * Strength: Employees seem to stay with the company for a long time and seems to be loyal . * Weakness: The President is still quite embarrassed because he was forced to fire one of their employees for viewing pornography on a company computer. He later learned that this man was a convicted felon who served time for molesting children. The Company had a hard time getting the employee to admit that this is it, because the company does not assign individual passwords. The President expressed his disappointment because he and an accountant and an interview and approve all new employees. * Recommendation: 1. Perform back ground checks and verify education credentials 2 . Check references , but never used the figures provided a reference sheet 3 . Employees bonds that deal cash 4 . Assign unique passwords for employees Conclusion: There are limitations of internal control , but they must provide reasonable assurance that assets are protected and accounting are accurate. Currently, as a small company LJB can not have a very complicated system of internal control , but must recognize the reality of the law for trading companies with the public are held at a higher level of compliance . LJB Company does some things right , but there are several areas for improvement . Literature : http://map.ais.ucla.edu/go/1002631 Paul D. Kimmel , Jerry J. Weygandt, Donald Kieso – 2010 – Business & Economics http://www.macomb.edu/About+Macomb/College+Policies/Policies/Guidelines+for+Purchasing+Activities.htm https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/†¦/fin106c07.pdf http://www.brockport.edu/intcontrol/questions.html

Altex Corporation Case Study Essay

1.Why was a risk management plan considered unnecessary? According to the contract award, contracts at that time did not require that a risk management plan be develop while according to the sponsor the risk management plan was not necessary because most of the new weapon systems requirements are established by military personnel who have no sense of reality about what it takes to develop a weapon system based on technology which does not even exist yet. According Kerzner, in the earlier days of the project management on many commercial programs, the majority of project decisions heavily favored cost and schedule. This was because we knew more about cost and scheduling than we did about the technical risks. But on the other hand it is essential that programs define and implement appropriate risk management and contingency plans to enhance program management effectiveness and provide program managers a key tool to reduce life cycle costs (Kerzner, 2009). 2.Should risk management planning be performed in the proposal stage or after the contract award assuming that it must be done? Risk management is employed throughout the program’s life cycle and should be developed early in the program from the very beginning and addressed continually throughout the program. Risk management is not a separate program function but part and parcel of the overall program planning and management process. In order to be effective, the risk management process must be recognized as a program management activity, and not something limited to the engineering function. Any program element associated with cost, schedule, and performance has a direct interface with the risk management process. This process does not change fundamentally as the program progresses, although some changes or adjustments might occur as the program progress (Kerzner, 2009). 3.Does the customer have the right to expect the contractor to perform risk analysis and develop a risk management plan if it is not called out as part of the contractual statement of work? The customer has the right to expect the contractor to perform risk analysis and develop a risk management plan as part of the project planning. An effective life cycle risk management process requires a commitment on the part of the program manager and the program office to be successful. It is essential that Project manager define and implement an appropriate risk management and contingency plans. The customers expect the contractor to be the expert who knows what needs to be done in any project and that is why he has been hired to do the jobs. Risk management will enhance program effectiveness and provide program managers a key tool to reduce life cycle costs (Kerzner, 2009). 5.How effective will the risk management plan be if developed by the project manager in seclusion? There is no way a project manager will have a risk management plan in seclusion. The reason being first, Risk management planning is the process of deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities of the project. Secondly the process will include identifying the project charter, current polices, current roles and responsibilities, and the project management plan and, the Risk Management Plan (RMP) strategy needs to be established early in the project and will need to be continually developed throughout the project life cycle. Project risks include business and contractual relationships, cost, funding, management, political, and schedule risks. Other risks are technical, production, and support risks. These entire put together risk management plan has to be part and parcel of the project planning (Kerzner, 2009). 6.Should the customer be allowed to participate in or assist the contractor in developing a risk management plan? Risk management requires early and continual involvement of all of the program team as well as outside help as appropriate. When we are trying to identify the risk we may get our results based on survey of the project and this will involves customer fully. We have to involve the customer since in any case there is a risk then it the risk management program that will support setting realistic cost, schedule, and performance objectives and identifies areas that require special attention. If we don’t involve the customer then that may lead to the customer loosing trust on our company and at the same time we will end up delivering a low quality work (Kerzner, 2009).