Certain responsibilities Essay Example for Free

Certain responsibilities Essay In school, as in life, everyone has certain responsibilities. The Principal is responsible for overseeing the efficient running of the school. The teachers are responsible for seeing that school rules are obeyed, that their lesson plans are well written and lessons prepared. Teachers are also responsible for seeing that each of their students learn the material that is presented. Students are responsible for many things as well. All students are responsible for making sure they are ready to learn. This includes having the necessary equipment to do the job of learning. Each student is responsible for having a all their school materials with them at all times. When a student shows up to class unprepared it makes learning very difficult. Unprepared students also make learning hard for people around them as they disturb others trying to find a pen or borrow a book. Students who come to class unprepared miss important information. While they are looking for a book, or a pen or their homework; knowledge is passing them by. Being unprepared is a sign of immaturity. Students who come to class without a pen are demonstrating that they are not ready and they are irresponsible. They rely on others to take care of their needs. This is unfair to others who have their own lives to take care of. If you don’t want to be treated like a child, you must begin taking responsibility for yourself. This starts with being a responsible student. It’s time for you to step up and take care of your own responsibilities.

The Contemporary Issues In Branding Marketing Essay

The Contemporary Issues In Branding Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION The history of the brand Paul Smith is somewhat unusual and requires special attention. Indeed Paul Smith was not originally made for the world of Haute Couture Fashion there but fate led him to this path there. Originally Paul Smith wanted to be a professional cyclist but a terrible accident befell him which forced him to abandon those dreams. But he conceived a passion for fashion and sewing, so in 1970 he opened a small clothing store in Nottinghams hometown away from big name fashion based in London. He decides to take evening classes in sewing and in 1976 he introduced his menswear collection in Paris under the Paul Smith brand. In 20 years it is established as the British designers most prominent. He succeeded brilliantly blend with the contemporary and traditional British while anticipating trends beautifully. Paul Smith has the ability to anticipate, and even spark off trends not only fashion goal in the wider context of popular culture (website Paul Smith 2009). Today the brand has 12 different collections, boutiques worldwide, a turnover of  £ 171 m and sales are growing between 50-60% since 1993. (S Bruzzi and PC Gibson 2005). However this success was no accident. Before discussing the strategy of the brand Paul Smith, we are interested in what a brand means. Indeed for (American Marketing Association 1960) is a trademark a name, term, design, symbol or any other features that identifies one sellers good or service as distinct from other sellers Those gold. This means that each brand is unique and requires the consumer to bind to it. A man does not give a woman a box of branded chocolates Because she is hungry. Instead, he selects a brand that communicates something about his relationship with her. (Leslie Chernatony and Malcolm McDonald). In addition to a successful brand to penetrate the market it must develop a sound strategy A brand can not function without a strategy.(CIM) In this sense we will establish brand strategy Paul Smith and try to find ideas for future development. The Brand indentity, Brand Onion The strategy of a mark as said above prominently. Indeed the goal of strategy is to obtain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. From (Arnold, 1992) strategy for a brand is the means by which have established the brand in the consumers mind that he has the impression that the purchase gives it an advantage. In addition, a consumer generally does not retain 3 brands per category of product where the goal for Paul Smith to be part of those 3 brands in this market highly fragmented and highly competitive. The strategy chosen by Paul Smith is to position itself behind a mark of luxury. To understand the process undertaken by Paul Smith would be wise to start with the Brand Onion Analysis is a tool for studying the brand identity. This tool represents a cross section showing the different layers of positioning the brand Paul Smith. So we have a side position which represents the internal brand identity and positioning the other side shows the external image. However this model is far from complete since it does not incorporate the concepts of competition there is the concept of customer brand perception BRAND ONION PAUL SMITH Which brings us to the theory of which Kapferer celoni to know the real identity of the brand Paul Smith must answer 6 questions are What is the brands particular aim?, What makes it different?, What is the need fulfilling brand?, What is its permanent nature?, What are its value or values?, What is its field of competence? Of Legitimacy?, What are the signs Which make the brand recognizable? (The new strategic brand management, Kapferer, 2004). By answering the questions we see that Paul Smith is planning to focus on the authenticity of products with unique luxury design very British. What can be said that the brand Paul Smith is building a true identity which has not changed since its inception. For proof, all these shops are the same worldwide. Furthermore it keeps a certain closeness to the customer because he does not hesitate to get out of these offices in the shop in London to advise customers on clothing or accessories. (Paul Smith website). The graphic brand also occupies an important place in the strategy of a mark to it which allows it to recognize a particular brand to a consumer and shall convey universe. Choosing symbols requires a clear definition of what the brand means (The New Strategic Brand Management, Kapferer, 2004, p 174). To brand Paul Smith that is characterized by the features of different colors. Following this we must determine the image of Paul Smith from Riezebos (2003) networks of knowledge elements stored in long term memory What mean all information of a mark stored in the long term and it gives credibility to a brand therefore the Paul Smith brand that is equivalent to the authenticity of a traditional British style, a luxury brand, International, contemporary lines of many colors dear, close, special design, fashion and quality at last. Positioning A brand to thrive in the marketplace must know its position. How To (Keller 2003). For this we use the points of parity and points of difference more generally known as POPs (point of parity) and PODS (points-of-differences). For the POPS we look at what is similar compared to these competitors and the PODS we look at what makes the difference. According to (Keller 2003) a mark must know who are the targets, competitors and how the brand is perceived by the consumer. The Paul Smith brand is therefore in a position of luxury, as well as traditionalism contemporanee, quality, unity of design which makes a mark rich, bold and authentic because it has managed to keep its guideline for it. This allows the consumer to recognize in Paul Smith a sure bet that a true story and unparalleled expertise. Differentiation Brand usually chooses the differentiation strategy because it is a good way to outperform to their competitors. By differentiation it means superior quality, brand image or unique features. And as said Levitt (1980) there are four main phases of differentiation as following: Potential product = product with brand universe Augmented product = Products with some differentiation Expected product = Basic expectations products Generic product = store brand products In others words, when we use this model to Paul Smith, generic and expected product is a basic store brand t-shirt. Although augmented product is a high quality and special design for a t-shirt and potential product is the same one t-shirt with some brand image and universe (values, identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). That is why it appears clear that Paul Smith offers a large range of potential product. Indeed, Paul Smith is a luxurious fashion brand but their offering is quietly different to Kenzo or Hugo Boss. Behind the purchase of Paul Smith clothes customer wants to buy design, quality, and history or also brand valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ What are characteristic to Paul Smith. And this differentiation strategy is Paul Smith roots without this Paul Smith does not exist or exist as a basic fashion brand. Brand extension and architecture Brand extension is when a company chooses to diversify their range of products by appealing to different segments and a much larger audience. (Keller 2008) say using sub-brands to target new market segment within the same product category.There are two main types of diversification: related (which introduces products in the same range) and unrelated (which launches in different range). As Paul Smith is a famous fashion brand with a clear differentiation strategy, extend it would be easier by using brand notoriety through the launch of sub-brands to target new market segment within the same product category. Actually the fact to diversify its offers is a well-known practice which aims to gain market share. Therefore, people who particularly enjoy the Paul Smith colored lines and spirit they could also have the choice in a larger range of products built as following: Paul Smith Fragrance lotion Accessories Womenswear Menswear Bags, purses, wallets, luggage Spectacles and sunglasses Shoes Furniture: rugs, china Hats, scarves, gloves, socks Cufflinks Watches Books Stationary Paul smith gifts collection china Watches Jewellery Paul smith jeans Paul smith red ear PS by Paul smith Paul smith London Paul smith mainline men Paul smith swimwear Paul smith underwear Paul smith man Paul smith women Paul smith rose Paul smith sunshine Paul smith extreme Paul smith black Paul smith, mainline women Paul smith by Paul smith Paul smith swimwear Hence, between all their sub-brands and whatever the segment or also the products there is coherence. Indeed, they all own to Paul Smith brand and then respect the brand image, values, style in a whole. This extension allows Paul Smith to increase their global sells and thus gives to the brand the opportunity to gain new customer. That is why, Paul Smith brand extension means more products but also more notoriety. Question 2 The market for haute couture is to fashion is a highly competitive market that is constantly changing, leaving room only brand who knew the value and who managed to speak with her. We will try to find solutions for 5 and 10 years for the brand Paul Smith manages to differentiate itself from other brands and thus register more in his style and values that make Paul Smith is a unique brand. To establish a sound strategy and propose ideas axis to follow it must first know the fashion market, but also all the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat of brand Paul Smith. We have therefore identified in the table below represents a SWOT and marketing mix with all these data. Then the fashion market is 130 billion euros in 2007 (Eurostaf, 2007), it is segmented as follows volume. 15.9% for the Ready to Wear, Glasses 7.9%, Jewelry-watch 11.8%, 10.4% Leather, Footwear 3.9%, 3.1% accessory, Art House 1 4%, 23.4% and Wellness Wines and Spirits 22.5% (Eurostaf, 2007). However we must also consider the geographical location of purchasing volume to provide new routes to follow consistent. America represents 33% of sales 29.1% Asia, Rest of World 2.4%, Europe 35.5% (Eurostaf, 2007). According to the figures and SWOT brand Paul Smith must mark covers a solid strategy and consistent differentiation in order to differentiate themselves in the short and long term. Collection (5 years) In this sense, and after the first analysis the brand Paul Smith should start in a new childrens collection, baby to broaden its range of consumer and thus differentiate themselves. However this style of collection already exists for large brand like Kenzo, Christian Lacroix and therefore it will be difficult to prevail in this new market for already occupied by a great brand. Then it would be wise to make the brand more affordable timely example by creating special collections for large chains ready-to-wear such as H M and Sonia Riquiel. The advantage is that it does not cost very expensive to design for Paul Smith, more than it helps to know the brand to a wider range of people since it affects all socioeconomic classes and therefore it allows it to include brand in the minds of people, which allows it to know more. Emergence (5 à   10 yearss) One notes from the figure that the Asian market represents 29.1% of share volume and the rest of the world represents only 2.4% so it certainly would make sense for the brand Paul Smith to extend further more in the Asian market by opening such stores in Vietnam, India, China or Russia are countries undergoing expansion and economic growth. Also Paul Smith knows well the Asian culture and the market having already great reputation in Japan. He could easily adapt it to end these new market very applicant Luxury. Fair-Trade (10 years) Ecology, organic products and fair trade are Fashionable. For Paul Smith is a chance to differentiate itself from other brands. In fact any luxury brand clothing offers no organic or fair trade. It would be very interesting to offer clothes from organic cotton and fair trade as it is more justified are brand contemporary and traditional British register that fact in the times by offering luxury clothing but environmentally conscious and men who produce these fabrics. Also this will make mention of the brand Paul Smith tends the founder of a new market niche. Communication (5 yearss) The Paul Smith brand communicates only rarely and not at all entered into a system of advertising increased as one might see in any other brand. But even if that differentiates it from other brands it might in the long term to be forgotten and so therefore get danger. To avoid this it is imperative that the brand continues to propose partnerships with various industries positioned in other markets. Furthermore it would be wise to make a Sponsorship with great charity as the fight against cancer and the fight against AIDS, which allow the brand to communicate citizen in the eyes of consumers and thus differentiate it from other brands Luxury to attract more customers. Finally, to continue this communication it is interesting that regularly offers worldwide shows presenting the new collections but also with the spirit Paul Smith with partnerships. Furthermore it could provide food for charitable continue branding citizen. Conclusion The Paul Smith brand is a brand in itself and deserves his place among the greatest of Fashion. She knew how to combine a knowledge uncommon and has kept a single guideline that has originality. Despite increased competition she knew her escape unscathed by conveying an image identical across years. Nevertheless the figures show that the market is changing and it would be wise to find a new segment to differentiate itself from other brands. In the mainstream located above it will have a strong chance to continue in the next 10 years or even become a pioneer in some field and therefore develop a model for other luxury brands.

Free Rider Problem Essay -- essays research papers

The Free Rider Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The free rider issue has become one of the most serious economic issues today. The free rider is a lazy type person who wants the benefits that others bring in without having to do the work. The free rider typically takes advantage of a public good. Living in a civilized society presents many opportunities for free riding, which we have yet to find a way to control. Economists regard the possibility for free riding as a problem for the free market, which usually leads to government intervention. Government intervention is not generally needed in a free market society but in this case if there were no government intervention this problem would not find a solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The free-rider issue is often seen as a serious problem because of the assumption that a free rider's best self-interest is that they interact with others by force and fraud. If they can get away with the fraud and begin to gain the benefits of others they have reached their first goal. Their next goal is to make some good money or get credit for someone else's hard work before they get caught. Then they get out and are long gone by the time anyone notices. Life in a civilized society allows each of us the opportunity to enjoy the benefits of the work of people with productive ability far greater than our own, but what happens when people begin doing this? They get used to not having to do much work and become lazy. In some cases people look at welfare in this way. If a person is able to get a good job and chooses not to, but instead, to live on our government, this would be considered free riding. This causes a fluctuation in our market and it can have a negative effect. When the benefits go away people do not want to go back to work and eventually will loose their jobs or quit and become a true free rider. Clearly there is an essential difference between cases in which one can't contribute to the benefits one enjoys and cases in which one chooses not to make a contribution that is within one's power. But apart from this distinction, we can differentiate between harmless free riding and the worthless free riding. The free rider wants anything he can get for free and will think nothing of it if he can get away with it. Free riders take advantage of public goods without having to contribute to them. For example, if s... ...o make up the difference. This difference we have to make up is usually a higher tax. In raising the tax the price of the good goes up and when price goes up demand tends to go down. As the demand keeps falling and the price keeps rising the product usually ends up off the market and filing a chapter eleven. It typically does not go that far but this is an example of what could happen. A free market is a privilege to have and it is a shame people have to take advantage of it because they do not feel the need to work hard or to go out of their way to do something for someone else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The free rider is a menace in our society and we do not need to let him take our money and put it to his use. We have found ways such as government intervention and price lids to help control the problem but we have yet to find a solution. Once a solution is found we will have fewer worries and possibly a true free market. These are very difficult problems to stop and may never be stopped. It will take a long period of time to begin the process to bring it to an end, but it will be nice to maybe some day have a true free market without the problem of a free rider.

Three Different Types of Human Memory Essay example -- Human Mind, Bra

"Memory is the diary we all carry about with us," Oscar Wilde once said. Now for a second imagine a life without any memories! One wouldn't be able to remember his/her name, how to look after themselves or to even recognize their own friends and family. It would be impossible to live happily without ones memories. That is why our memories are such vital points in our lives. They are the building blocks of our current selves. Due to those reasons it is very useful to find as much information regarding it as possible. For that very purpose this research paper has been written. The purpose of this research is to uncover the truth regarding how the human brain stores and retrieve memories. Throughout this research, topics such as definition of memory, types of memory, diseases resulting in difficulties with memory, as well as the most known phenomena dà ©jà  vu which is caused by a certain type of memory process will be discussed. The word memory can be defined in many ways depending on the field that the term memory is used in. To start of, the most commonly used definition for the term memory is the name given to the human’s ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the brain. It is a sum of what we remember in total and it enables us to learn and adapt from previous experiences and to build relationships. Etymologically, the modern English word memory has originated from the passed down Latin word memoria and memor which means mindful and remembering. In neurological and psychological terms memory is simply classified as a set of encoded neural connections in the brain. Since the development of the computer in the 1940s, the word memory is also used to describe the ability of a compu... ...althcommunities.com/parkinsons-disease/symptoms.shtml Mastin (2010). The Human Memory. Retrieved January 26, 2014, from http://www.human-memory.net/types.html Memory of Time May Be Factor in Parkinson's (vol.21). (1996). Retrieved from Columbia University Record website: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol21/vol21_iss22/record2122.15.html University of Toronto (2004, May 7). Scientists Uncover How Brain Retrieves And Stores Older Memories. Science Daily. What makes the human brain unique? (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2014, from http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourbrain/Howdoesyourbrainwork/Whatarethepartsofyourbrain/Whatmakesthehumanbrainunique.aspx When deja vu is more than just an odd feeling. (2006, February 13). Retrieved from http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=2c4f7afd-5a3a-4e52-a2fb-bc729692bfb4&k=48785

Essay --

Ethics of Dissection The use of dissection in classrooms is able to expand the knowledge of students by giving them a hands-on approach to anatomy. Dissection is one topic that is highly debated among all people who question whether it’s an ethical thing to do. According to Webster’s Dictionary the definition of the word ‘ethical’ means morally right and good or pertaining to right and wrong. The line between right and wrong is often a very thin line and many people don’t know where one ends and the other begins. I believe that dissection is an ethical way to get students more involved in learning and can give students a better understanding of the anatomical and physiological make-up of a once living organism. Creating an environment where kids are able to move around to learn instead of sitting in desks all day is important in the teaching process because the kids are able to participate directly, especially in dissection, without a teacher doing it for them. The National Science Teachers Association supports the idea of bringing in animals for dissection. â€Å"Student interaction w...

Models of Writing

Writing can be an intimidating task.   Many people of all ages will admit to avoiding and even fearing the writing process.   For some reason, the task seems daunting, so methods have been adapted to help ease the process for those that struggle. The five step writing process is typically composed of some derivation of the following steps:   prewriting, planning, drafting, revising, and proofreading.   These steps are widely taught in classrooms from the elementary school level through post graduate work.   The depth of each level is the thing that differs as writers grow and mature. Similar essay: Principles of Good Writing by L.A. Hill Summary The prewriting phase involves the production of ideas and even strategies for later writing of the essay.   This can include using one of many types of graphic organizers such as bubble charts or outlining techniques.   It can also be less organized like brainstorming lists or even random thoughts.   The prewriting phase is a time to explore all facets of an idea without judging or commitment.   During this phase, the writer will find a topic and create his questions for research.   In conducting his research, whether it be formal or informal, he will discover the answers to his questions. Thus the next sequential stage of writing is the planning stage.   Here the writer accumulates all of the information necessary and begins to sort it into categories.   This coincides with the text’s second step of finding and evaluating information from various sources.   Here the writer is still gather information without being certain exactly which he will use. These first two steps correlate with McQuinn and Roach’s first step in their writing process which is the idea step.   According to their website, â€Å"ideas are the heart of the message, the content of the piece, the main theme, together with the details (documented support, elaboration, anecdotes, images) that enrich and develop that theme by building understanding or holding a reader's attention.†Ã‚   Here the writer comes up with the central focus of his work and gather information to support it.   This information may be anecdotal, research-oriented, observed or simply created.   The ideas are important to the process because they allow for wide-ranging creativity from the writer. The third step in the general writing process is drafting.   The text suggests taking notes from the sources and making a formal outline.   It is at this point that the final decisions are made as to what information should be included.   It is important to note that a draft is not a final copy.   Many students of writing make that mistake.   The drafts are sometimes a type of trial and error routine.   Several drafts may be necessary before the writer becomes satisfied with the content of the essay. This stage correlates with the organization stage of McQuinn and Roach.   They note that organization is the â€Å"internal structure† of a piece which includes is central message and the flow of ideas seamlessly from one to another.   This particular process offers that a well-organized piece of writing will begin with a strong opening and conclude with a powerful conclusion, with many developed and stimulating ideas in between.   Of course the writer will have had to already choose his content in order to accomplish this type of structure in his writing. After the drafting stage, the writer must undertake the process of revising.   The revision stage is one that involves many steps.   The paper must be examined for its content, its logical progression, its flow of ideas, its choice of words, phrasing, and overall impact.   The revising stage is much like the drafting stage because each revision is simply a new draft.   Until the revision stage is complete, the drafting stage is not. McQuinn and Roach’s fourth and fifth area are called word choice and sentence fluency.   These two ideas are key to the revision process.   Word choice has to do with, as the name suggests, the careful choosing of the most perfect words to express meaning.   Sentence fluency is the smoothness and fluidity with which the sentences in the writing roll seamlessly from one to another. According to McQuinn and Roach, â€Å"word choice is the use of rich, colorful, precise language that moves and enlightens the reader. It is the love of language, a passion for words, combined with a skill in choosing words that creates just the right mood, impression, or image in the heart and mind of the reader.†Ã‚   To accomplish this is to really wrestle with words until the most perfect choices are made.   Likewise, sentence fluency focuses on the sounds of the sentences.   This forces the writer to consider sound devices such as rhyme, alliteration, creative phrasing, sentence structure, complexity and length.   The sentences will read, in some cases, like music. Finally, the writer has achieved a focused, organized and creatively crafted piece.   He has one more step to complete.   This step is the revision step.   This step demands that the writer proofread his paper to ensure that the conventions of the English language are followed.   This gives the writer and the writing legitimacy.   The reader recognizes that his writing will be more powerful if it is also correct in its use of punctuation, usage, spelling and other such conventions.   While proofreading may be less creative than the stylistic drafting of the piece, it is nevertheless a vital step in the whole of the writing process. While most process driven models of writing end here, the McQuinn and Roach model includes another area.   This area is that of voice.   They note that voice is the heart and soul of a piece, the magic, the wit. It is the writer's unique and personal expression emerging through words. Voice is the presence of the writer on the page. When the writer's passion for the topic and concern for the audience are strong, the text dances with life and energy, and the reader feels a strong and intimate connection to both the writing and the writer. Voice is a more abstract tenet of writing, one that is harder to explain and harder yet to produce. Voice pervades all writing, but not all voice is unique or engaging or even literate.   Many writers take years to produce a recognizable voice.   Some students never learn it.   However, voice is the quality that separates adequate and good writing from great and enlightened writing, yet it is the most elusive quality of all. The process described in the text and the process designed by McQuinn and Roach have many structural similarities.   They both depend on good ideas, organization, drafting, revising and proofreading.   However, the McQuinn and Roach model go beyond this to demand an element of uniqueness, of style, from the writers.   This style is very difficult to teach.   For this reason, it is much more difficult to use. A student of writing would find the text much easier to follow.   The steps are well-defining, and a student who carefully follows them will produce a good piece of writing.   The steps are easy to repeat and practice, and they can be applied to many situations. However, a student who has mastered this type of writing and desire another level to his work will find McQuinn and Roach an excellent step in this direction.   While the tutorial on their website cannot guarantee that one will become a stylist, it gives a mature writer more dimensions with which to experiment in his writing.   Word choice, sentence fluency and voice are all components of this dimension.   Merely good writing can exist without them, but great writing can only emerge with them.   Thus, the user-friendliness of these two models will depend on the level of adequacy that the writer has achieved. References McQuinn, C. & Roach, M.   The Writing Process. WORDSMITH A GUIDE to College Writing 3RD EDITON   

Prejudice And Discrimination In Snow Falling On Cedars Essay

How does Guterson present the prejudice and discrimination against the Japanese Americans in chapter 1-15 of Snow Falling on Cedars. This book shows a great difference between cultures on the island of San Piedro. To start with the island is a very cosmopolitan island with its residents all from different backgrounds and countries, Japan, England, Germany, Spain and Denmark to name a few. We can tell this from the long lists of shops and their owners on page three. Chapter one tells us more about San Piedro. It tells us of the great beauty of the island. The â€Å"solitary fields and vales of alfalfa†, â€Å"careless roads† and the animals. It also tells us more about the residents. It says that they are close knit, a lot are deeply religious, they are respectful and are of limited means. The island in very quiet and so the trial is a very big event for them, â€Å"San Piedro generally lay clear of violence†. They also seem serious minded and conservative and traditional in their way of thinking. With the story being set after the Second World War and the bombing of Pearl Harbour the people of Japanese origin are experiencing the most discrimination on the island. In chapter four there is a scene with the fishermen at Amity Harbour. When they are talking about the accused man – Kabuo Miyamoto – also a fisherman, Dale Middleton referred to him as Miyamoto, not his first name. He then goes on to call all Japanese â€Å"suckers† and says â€Å"Never could tell them guys apart†. The term â€Å"Jap† is used throughout the book to refer to the Japanese. This is very insulting and sounds quite racist and rude. The first time this is used is by fellow fisherman William Gjovaag. This is the first real indicator in the book of the Japanese status on the island. Ishmael Chambers is the islands reporter and he is of Irish and Scottish descent. His function in the book is to be the person who experiences an inter-cultural relationship with a Japanese American girl. He isn’t a racist and his job as journalist is to give a fair view in the paper. He can’t be seen as discriminating in the paper. We learn more about this relationship as we read into the book. When Horace Whaley – the coroner and the local G.P. – sees Carl’s injury on his head he speculates straight away. He says of Sheriff Art Moran â€Å"he ought to start looking for a Jap with a bloody gun butt – a right-handed Jap to be precise†. He suggested all this from one wound in Carl’s skull, and instantly thinks it was a â€Å"Jap†. We learn from chapter five that Whaley is a war veteran and he feel bitter about the Japanese and this causes him to discriminate without any proof that it was a â€Å"Jap† to blame for the wound. Whaley wouldn’t say any of this in court, under oath, because he had no strong evidence, but he would speculate if he didn’t have to back it up. In chapter seven we learn that the Japanese people who are attending the trial sat at the back of the of the court room it says that they didn’t have to sit at there but did so because â€Å"San Piedro required it of them without calling it a law†. The chapter then continues to talk about the racism inflicted on the Japanese in the work place. They weren’t referred to by their Christian names, but by numbers or names that the census taker decided for them, such as; â€Å"Jap Number 1† or â€Å"Dwarf Jap†. This was very racist and disrespectful for them, aswell as embarassing and hurtful. We pity this verbal abuse. They were given the worst, most dangerous jobs. As if they were so insignificant it didn’t matter if they got injured. If this wasn’t bad enough the Japanese weren’t even paid the same as the other workers. They were made to sleep in barns and were treated like animals. They were on the same level as the Red Indians and treated with same amount of disrespect. Then in 1942 the government deported all of the Japanese workers out of San Piedro because of the start of the Second World War, they were seen as a threat or the â€Å"enemy†. Even though they were natives, it was thought that they could be spies for he Japanese government, and were therefore deported. Although many of the islanders were racist towards the Japanese some of the Japanese had their own views about the white people. To contrast Mrs. Shigemura taught Hatsue that white men were â€Å"dangerous egomaniacs† and that they had â€Å"fantasises† about Japanese girls and that it â€Å"distorted their sex drives†. Hatsue should â€Å"marry a boy of her own kind whose heart is strong  and good†.This shows us that all Japanese people don’t take the abuse. They practice their views like the white racists. The book carries a lot of detail about the Second World War and has many descriptions and feelings during and after the war. Also in this chapter we learn about Kabuo, his Buddhism and beliefs. These beliefs say that everything has a soul and shouldn’t be harmed and so he feels he carries the burden of war. The Americans didn’t think about, or take into consideration the fact that the Japanese Americans would be going out to fight their own kind, people from their homeland. Kabuo feels enormous guilt about this and carried it through out his whole life. Carl’s mother, Etta is asked to give evidence for the prosecution in chapter nine. She is a farmer’s daughter who was brought up in South Germany and she is very hardworking and proud. From the evidence she presented in court we feel she isn’t emotional in any way and that her traditional views make her seem set in her ways. It also becomes apparent that she is extremely racist and feels that the Japanese are below her. She talks about her husband – who doesn’t share her racist views – and Kabou’s father and about how they had an agreement, when her husband died she totally ignored the agreement, which is what she wanted to do in the first place. Carl was like his father in that he wasn’t racist either, he was friends with Kabuo and worried about them and their safety when they are told top leave the country. He relates to them and sees them as individuals rather than one awful race, like Etta. Carl’s and his mother’s views sometimes clashed. For example when he brought the fishing rod home that Kabuo gave him, she told him to take it back. Etta never gave Zanichi- Kabuo’s father – and his family a chance and she always talked down to him, even though he was constantly polite. This highlights the contrast between the two characters well and shows Etta to be old, bitter and twisted and very close-minded. When Etta tells the court about her and Kabuo’s conversation in chapter ten it emphasise Etta’s cold hearted, selfish, pathetic ways. She says that Kabuo has a â€Å"mean face†. She doesn’t realise that this is what the Japanese look like, and that it is impossible to read their faces. Yet she doesn’t  want to learn or listen either way. Etta’s character conveys racism very clearly and depicts how low, hurtful and quite petty some of the islanders actually are. We see how these attitudes effect the Japanese and how they cause problems and conflict, yet these people feel that it is their right to act this way toward them. A description of Pearl Harbour is given in chapter thirteen. It also tells us of what happens to the Japanese after and how they are discriminated against. Their bank accounts were stopped because there is a slight chance that they may be traitors. Also in chapter thirteen we learn more about Arthur Chambers, like his son he isn’t a racist at all and is a friend to the Japanese. He feels confusion when he hears the story of the bombing and doesn’t know what to print in his paper, because he doesn’t want to support or defend the actions of either the Americans or the Japanese. Instead he prints stories of Japanese contribution to the community. He is a balanced, stable character and isn’t racist in any way and therefore contradicts other characters in the book such as Etta and Horace. We learnt that Ishmael wasn’t racist right at the start of the book and here we start to find out why. Ishmael had his first relationship with Hatsue Imada who is Japanese. To Hatsue when she was growing up her relationship with Ishmael felt young, innocent and fun. They both enjoyed each other’s company and most of all liked each other. They found sanctuary in a hollowed out Cedar Tree in the woods earlier on in the book. There they were hidden away from the world and weren’t effected by anything going on in the outside. There they could be themselves and it wouldn’t matter that their love for each other was forbidden. Now in chapter thirteen the fortress of the cedar tree start to fall apart. The war starts it and now the fact that their countries are against each other upsets Hatsue and she realises that they have to stop meeting, especially as the relationship is starting to get sexual. Ishmael doesn’t see it that way he is naive and doesn’t see the problem as clearly as Hatsue as she starts to feel she is deceiving her parents. The F.B.I search on the Imada’s property takes place in chapter fourteen.  They come at night for the search. This instantly suggests they don’t have the decency to come during the day they arrive at night to cause upset and grief. The family is referred to as the â€Å"enemy† and â€Å"aliens† which misplaces them from the San Piedro community instantly. The men take away guns, dynamite and swords; they say that they are violent weapons and don’t listen when they tell them that they are only used to assist them with farming the land. The big men also take cultural objects, like a flute, some music and hatsue’s scrapbook. This is unjust and they are abusing their authority and their warrant. ThEy root through their draws and rummage in their underwear, this is embarrassing and very disrespectful. One of the officers deliberately says Hisao’s name incorrectly, this is very rude and must be frustrating because he said it wrong even when corrected. When the men unjustly arrest him they try to justify it as a sacrifice, even though none of this mess was their fault. Everything is taken away from the Japanese and they are then sent away to camps. The baseball team lost its best players and this saddened many people so they dedicated the match to them. This makes us realise that most people in San Piedro don’t want them to leave. Hatsue and her mother – Fujiko have a conversation about the discrimination she has been suffering or that she will suffer later in life, Fujiko is a bias character because she has suspicions about all white people and she has a very pessimistic outlook. She tells her how she and Hatsue’s father were embarrassingly poor yet they got through it with dignity. She explained about how she feels invisible to the whites of the island and that she was and is constantly ignored, but they should all except this because that was how it was and nothing was going to change. She tells Hatsue that the Japanese are worthless to the whites and their value is like â€Å"dust in a strong wind†. The journey to Manzanar is discussed in chapter fifteen. There is no comfort and they are treated like animals and we feel for these people because they don’t know the outcome of their fate, but they had to conform to the rules of the American Government. Fujiko tries to show she is strong by suffering  inwardly. The fact Manzanar is a desert we know there will be no escape and the hostile, barren, hot landscape will be a total contrast to San Piedro. Also in this chapter Fujiko finds out about Hatsue and Ishmael’s relationship. This is quite hypocritical because she talks to Hatsue about how white always discriminate against them but here a white person is being kind and loving to her daughter and she gets so upset. This is quite a contrast and shows that the Japanese can be just as bad at discriminating. In these fifteen chapters we see the suffering of the Japanese at the hands of the white islanders. The Japanese could not help many of the reasons at all and a minority of Japanese Americas punished for a war between the country they currently live in and the country they originated from. We pity the Japanese throughout and understand why some of them are suspicious. Some of the islanders are constantly hateful, spiteful and rude, with no respect for their fellow human beings. Whereas others are polite and kind and treat them as they would anyone else. Guterson conveys this pity in many of the nasty comments made by the whit islanders. Like the term â€Å"Jap† and many of the awful things they were subject to at work. Even though a couple of the Japanese characters don’t like whites. Much of the pity in the book is directed at the Japanese Americans.